{"id":138788,"date":"2025-11-20T12:04:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/sin-categorizar\/francisco-francos-dictatorship-returns-to-the-debate-the-surprising-profile-of-those-who-defend-it-today\/"},"modified":"2025-11-20T12:04:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T11:04:19","slug":"francisco-francos-dictatorship-returns-to-the-debate-the-surprising-profile-of-those-who-defend-it-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/en\/society\/francisco-francos-dictatorship-returns-to-the-debate-the-surprising-profile-of-those-who-defend-it-today\/","title":{"rendered":"Francisco Franco&#8217;s dictatorship returns to the debate: the surprising profile of those who defend it today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"827\">Fifty years after that solemn <strong data-start=\"396\" data-end=\"429\">&#8220;Spaniards, Franco is dead&#8221;,<\/strong> the dictator has not disappeared from the collective imagination. Two memory laws later and with Francoism out of the Valley of the Fallen, <strong data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"672\">one out of every five Spaniards considers that Francisco Franco&#8217;s dictatorship was &#8220;good&#8221; or &#8220;very good&#8221;,<\/strong> according to the penultimate CIS barometer collected by <em>El Condifencial<\/em>. The same percentage, 21%, thinks that the current democracy is <strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"809\">&#8220;equal&#8221;, &#8220;worse&#8221; or &#8220;much worse&#8221;<\/strong> than the dictatorship.  <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"1077\">The sociological picture drawn by the CIS is both clear and disturbing: <strong data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"978\">Francoism retains significant sympathies in the Spain of 2025<\/strong>, and these sympathies are concentrated, in a striking way, in two very specific generational extremes.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1160\"><strong data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1160\">Young people and Francoism: between historical ignorance and memes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1532\">The CIS data point to a first striking group: those under 24 years of age. <strong data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1348\">One out of every five young people between 18 and 24 years of age believes that the Franco regime was &#8220;good&#8221; or &#8220;very good&#8221;<\/strong>, and this group also has <strong data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1501\">the highest percentage of the population that considers the democratic system to be equal to or worse than the dictatorship: 24.9%<\/strong>, that is, one out of every four.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1534\" data-end=\"1837\">For <strong data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1560\">Narciso Michavila<\/strong>, president of GAD3, these young people have grown up in democracy and in a digital environment in which <strong data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1676\">&#8220;Franco a meme&#8221;,<\/strong> rather than a clear historical reference. They have no direct memory of the regime, nor do their parents, and that distance facilitates a trivialized view of the past. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/en\/society\/what-if-franco-did-not-die-on-20n-the-theories-that-continue-to-divide-spain-50-years-later\/?swcfpc=1\">What if Franco did not die on 20N? The theories that continue to divide Spain 50 years later. <\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"2331\"><strong data-start=\"1893\" data-end=\"1926\">Enrique Javier D\u00edez Guti\u00e9rrez<\/strong>, Professor of Education at the University of Le\u00f3n, stresses that the root of the problem is twofold. On the one hand, he points out that <strong data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2330\">&#8220;the first reason is that we are an anomaly with respect to most of Europe. While the vast majority of European democracies (France, Italy and Germany) were built from anti-fascism (due to the defeat of fascism in the Second World War), in Spain it was built from overcoming the past, from oblivion&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2788\">On the other hand, he points directly to the educational system: <strong data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2672\">&#8220;One of the pending issues is the inclusion of democratic historical memory from 6 to 16 years of age. This is the period through which the entire Spanish population goes through compulsory education and, therefore, the only contact many people have with scientific knowledge&#8221;.<\/strong> Without a solid formation on Francoism, what Hannah Arendt defined as the &#8220;banality of evil&#8221; is installed. <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_138771\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-138771\" style=\"width: 987px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-138770\" src=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/francisco-franco-1915341.webp\" alt=\"Francisco Franco\" width=\"987\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/francisco-franco-1915341.webp 987w, https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/francisco-franco-1915341-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/francisco-franco-1915341-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 987px) 100vw, 987px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-138771\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francisco Franco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"2790\" data-end=\"3168\">D\u00edez explains this with examples from the classroom: <strong data-start=\"2830\" data-end=\"3167\">&#8220;It is not unusual to find students laughing and talking about &#8216;Franco, ese bro&#8217;, or repeating the slogan that &#8216;with Franco we lived better&#8217;. In some schools there are youngsters who sing &#8216;cara al sol&#8217; by heart at recess. There has been no will to include the Franco era in the educational system and these are the consequences&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3233\">Social networks, disinformation and political rebellion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3235\" data-end=\"3674\">Professor of Sociology at the Complutense University <strong data-start=\"3291\" data-end=\"3316\">Jos\u00e9 Antonio Alcoceba<\/strong> agrees that young people are victims of an <strong data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3479\">&#8220;erratic educational policy in which Francoism has never been told from a historical point of view,&#8221;<\/strong> but adds another decisive factor: the digital ecosystem. The networks, he argues, <strong data-start=\"3558\" data-end=\"3612\">&#8220;construct very reduced visions of reality&#8221;,<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"3616\" data-end=\"3673\">&#8220;simple discourses in social networks are very pervasive&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3676\" data-end=\"4235\">Alcoceba also points to the influence of certain content creators who, without being overtly political, do shape the ideological climate of their audiences: <strong data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"4040\">&#8220;There are influencers such as Xokas and others like him who, although they do not make politically themed content, do give their opinions and generate a certain breeding ground that favors polarization&#8221;.<\/strong> At the university, he adds, this polarization has been transferred to the classroom to the point that debates that used to be possible from different positions now lead to <strong data-start=\"4212\" data-end=\"4234\">&#8220;verbal violence&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/en\/current-news\/the-largest-search-for-francoist-reprisals-begins-in-ibiza\/?swcfpc=1\">The largest search for Francoist reprisals begins in Ibiza<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4793\">D\u00edez also introduces a socioeconomic element: <strong data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4792\">&#8220;As the philosopher Victoria Camps reflects in &#8216;The society of mistrust&#8217;, what young people see is a society that does not offer them a hopeful future. Oxfam shows that the richest 1% has more wealth than 95% of the population as a whole, the future looks worse, inequality increases&#8230;. The uneasiness about the future leads you to be fascinated by an idealized past. Antonio Gramsci also said it: the old world is dying, the new one takes time to appear and in the meantime monsters emerge&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4795\" data-end=\"5188\">This social malaise translates, in part, into political rebellion. D\u00edez puts it crudely: <strong data-start=\"4891\" data-end=\"5187\">&#8220;To be a badass today in high school is no longer to wear a leather jacket or a punk crest, now it is to be a Vox member. This is provocative and makes teachers uncomfortable. To be anti-system for them is to be Vox. Rebellion has changed sides. Before it was 15-M and now it has turned around&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"5195\" data-end=\"5262\"><strong data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5262\">The over 75s: vital memory and nostalgia for order<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5264\" data-end=\"5635\">At the other extreme, those over 75 years of age constitute the other great nucleus of support for the regime. <strong data-start=\"5363\" data-end=\"5492\">Up to 25.8% of Spaniards born before 1950 rate the years of Franco&#8217;s dictatorship as &#8220;good&#8221; or &#8220;very good&#8221;<\/strong>, the highest proportion of all age groups. Many of them lived their youth and a good part of their adult life under Franco. <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5637\" data-end=\"6029\">The political analyst <strong data-start=\"5658\" data-end=\"5676\">Ignacio Varela<\/strong> proposes a biographical reading: <strong data-start=\"5709\" data-end=\"5915\">&#8220;If I am now 70 years old and when Franco died I was 20, probably the regime was a happy time for me. I have little faith in these questions formulated in a bare-bones way because they are mixed with personal experiences&#8221;.<\/strong> Thus, the perception of the regime intersects with memories of youth, job stability or social ascent. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/actualidad\/muere-pablo-guerrero-la-voz-de-la-democracia-durante-el-franquismo\/?swcfpc=1\">Pablo Guerrero, the voice of democracy during Franco&#8217;s dictatorship, dies<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6348\">Varela adds that the comparison with current politics also weighs heavily: <strong data-start=\"6100\" data-end=\"6347\">&#8220;There is a very high level of discomfort and rejection of current politics. Anything with which you compare current politics will win out. The current population is convinced that the main problem of Spanish society is politics&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6350\" data-end=\"6738\">For <strong data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6376\">Narciso Michavila<\/strong>, the phenomenon is reminiscent of what is happening in Russia with the memory of the USSR: <strong data-start=\"6451\" data-end=\"6737\">&#8220;Older people have a better opinion of the communist regime than those who grew up in the 1990s. For them the arrival of capitalism was chaos, and they longed for the security of the Soviet Union. The older ones associate Francoism with an image and values in which they have been raised&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"10038\" data-end=\"10116\"><strong data-start=\"10042\" data-end=\"10116\">Vox, the militant ultra-right and grandchildren listening to their grandparents<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"10118\" data-end=\"10581\">The CIS microdata indicate that <strong data-start=\"10153\" data-end=\"10246\">61.7% of Vox voters believe that Franco&#8217;s dictatorship was &#8220;good&#8221; or &#8220;very good&#8221;<\/strong>, compared to <strong data-start=\"10258\" data-end=\"10290\">41.6% of PP voters<\/strong>. Santiago Abascal&#8217;s party has declined to participate in the commemorative act for the anniversary of the coronation of Juan Carlos I, but <strong data-start=\"10431\" data-end=\"10464\">one of its members points out<\/strong> about the CIS results: <strong data-start=\"10495\" data-end=\"10580\">&#8220;Grandchildren usually pay attention to what their grandparents, who are sensible people, say&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_131851\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-131851\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-131850\" src=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/images-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-131851\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">VOX<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"10583\" data-end=\"11244\">Neo-Nazi activist <strong data-start=\"10604\" data-end=\"10622\">Isabel Peralta<\/strong>, 23 years old, offers a portrait of a part of that youth that views Francoism with sympathy, although she herself feels closer to Jos\u00e9 Antonio Primo de Rivera. She affirms that <strong data-start=\"10801\" data-end=\"11130\">&#8220;we are used to being told from an early stage about Franco as the bogeyman coming for us. My generation has not lived through Franco&#8217;s regime and neither have my parents. Showing so much interest in the educational system to generate a vision of Franco in young people ends up backfiring&#8221;,<\/strong> and adds that it has happened <strong data-start=\"11156\" data-end=\"11243\">&#8220;just as with gender ideology, which is taken as a parody of biology&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"11251\" data-end=\"11315\"><strong data-start=\"11255\" data-end=\"11315\">How the perception of Francoism has changed in 15 years<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"11317\" data-end=\"11723\">Despite this upturn in &#8220;sociological Francoism&#8221;, the overall data continue to be clearly against the dictatorship. <strong data-start=\"11438\" data-end=\"11586\">In general terms, 6.1% of Spaniards describe the dictatorship as &#8220;regular&#8221;, and the majority, 26.4% and 39.1%, say it was &#8220;bad&#8221; or &#8220;very bad&#8221;<\/strong>. In parallel, <strong data-start=\"11601\" data-end=\"11722\">40.8% of those surveyed believe that the current democracy is &#8220;better&#8221;, while 33.8% believe it is &#8220;much better&#8221;<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p data-start=\"11725\" data-end=\"12113\">The temporal comparison, however, shows a change: in 2008, the CIS already asked about the memory of the Civil War and Franco&#8217;s regime, and <strong data-start=\"11863\" data-end=\"11972\">only 11.2% said that they did not mind one regime over the other (5.3%) or preferred an authoritarian regime (5.9%)<\/strong>, while <strong data-start=\"11987\" data-end=\"12078\">85.5% considered democracy to be preferable to any other form of government<\/strong>, a higher percentage than today.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lavozdeibiza.com\/actualidad\/el-presidente-del-parlament-balear-destroza-la-foto-de-una-fusilada-por-el-franquismo-y-expulsa-a-dos-diputadas-socialistas\/?swcfpc=1\">The president of the Balearic Parliament destroys the photo of a woman shot by Franco&#8217;s regime and expels two socialist deputies<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"12115\" data-end=\"12750\">The writer <strong data-start=\"12127\" data-end=\"12143\">Manuel Vilas<\/strong> synthesizes the weariness of part of society with the persistence of the subject: <strong data-start=\"12221\" data-end=\"12290\">&#8220;I&#8217;m fed up with Franco, you have to invoke the outburst&#8221;.<\/strong> For him, the fixation with the figure of the dictator is a burden: <strong data-start=\"12354\" data-end=\"12749\">&#8220;If Franco could come back he would die laughing. Imagine that in 1925, people were obsessed by something from 1836. This is the anomaly we live in Spain. This resurrection of Francoism produces an enormous boredom in me. It is metaphysically boring and it is a Francoist revival that takes away our desire for modernity, our desire to look at a country that is among the elite&#8221;.<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>21% of the population considers Franco&#8217;s dictatorship &#8220;good or very good&#8221;, with young people and those over 75 years of age as key sources of support for the regime.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":138785,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2910,3287],"tags":[9321,9311],"ppma_author":[6611],"class_list":["post-138788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-news","category-society","tag-franchism","tag-francisco-franco"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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